Texas-based businessman whose companies were reportedly among the most important contractors of Venezuela’s state oil firm PDVSA. He and his business partner, Abraham José Shiera Bastidas, later admitted to bribing officials in order to win rigged bids for PDVSA projects.

After his 2015 arrest, four of his Credit Suisse accounts remained open. He shared some of the accounts with his son José, who was arrested three years later in Spain in 2018 on charges that he laundered part of his father’s illicit fortune through the country, according to media sources.

Read OCCRP’s investigation into how Venezuelan elites hid stolen oil money in Credit Suisse.